Forestry

Forest resources are critical capital for poor people in a number of countries supported by the EfD initiative. Villagers sell timber, work in forest-based tourism, and rely on forests for products like fuelwood, fodder, grazing and fruits that they consume themselves. Furthermore, forests provide benefits not directly used by farmers. For example, in mountainous areas forests protect watersheds from excessive erosion and flooding and provide worldwide values by sequestering carbon that would otherwise remain in the atmosphere. Creating mechanisms and incentives to improve the use of forest resources in the developing world is therefore of critical policy interest.

ethiopia | Energy Forestry Coping with Fuelwood scarcity: Household responses in rural Ethiopia This study uses survey data from randomly selected rural households in Ethiopia to examine the coping mechanisms employed by rural households to deal with fuelwood scarcity. The determinants of collecting other biomass energy sources were also examined. Damte, Abebe, Steven F. Koch and Alemu Mekonnen, 2012, "Coping with fuelwood scarcity: Household responses in rural Ethiopia", Environment for Development Discussion Paper Series January 2012, EfD DP 12-01.

tanzania | Climate change Forestry Group decisions over the allocation of REDD payments: An example from Tanzania REDD – Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation – is a new form of payment for environmental services that has to potential to fund forest protection in Tanzania.

tanzania | Forestry Improving forest management in Tanzania Understanding patterns of access rights, investments, and enforcement Elizabeth J Z Robinson, Heidi J Albers, Guyslain Ngeleza, and Razack Lokina 2012 Improving forest management in Tanzania Understanding patterns of access rights, investments, and enforcement

ethiopia | Agriculture Forestry Policy design Private Trees as Household Assets and Determinants of Tree-Growing Behavior in Rural Ethiopia This study looked into tree-growing behavior of rural households in Ethiopia. With data collected at household and parcel levels from the four major regions of Ethiopia, we analyzed the decision to grow trees and the number of trees grown, using such econometric strategies as a zero-inflated negative binomial model, Heckman’s two-step procedure, and panel data techniques. Mekonnen Alemu and Damte Abebe, 2011, “Private Trees as Household Assets and Determinants of Tree-Growing Behavior in Rural Ethiopia”. Environment for Development Discussion Paper Series, EfD DP 11-14.

china | Forestry Policy design Impacts of Policy Measures on the Development of State-Owned Forests in Northeastern China: Theoretical Results and Empirical Evidence State-owned forest enterprises (SOFEs) in northeast China and Inner Mongolia play important roles both in timber production and in the maintenance of ecological security. However, since the late 1970s, forest resource and economic crises have seriously restricted these functions. Jiang Xuemei, Gong Peichen, Bostedt Göran, and Xu Jintao, 2011, “Impacts of Policy Measures on the Development of State-Owned Forests in Northeastern China: Theoretical Results and Empirical Evidence”. Environment for Development Discussion Paper Series, EfD DP 11-12.

tanzania | Forestry Efficiency, enforcement and revenue tradeoffs in participatory forest management: an example from Tanzania Where joint forest management has been introduced into Tanzania, ‘volunteer’ patrollers take responsibility for enforcing restrictions over the harvesting of forest resources, often receiving as an incentive a share of the collected fine revenue. Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z. and Lokina, Razack B. “Efficiency, enforcement, and revenue trade-offs in participatory forest management: An example from Tanzania”, Environment and Development Economics, Available on CJO 2011 doi:10.1017/S1355770X11000209.

Agriculture Forestry Policy design Environmental Valuation course draws participants from around world 21 researchers and PhD students from across the globe currently attend the course Environmental Valuation that is held at School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg in Sweden 7 November – 9 December. A vivid interest in natural resources and environmental issues made them come from China, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Sweden, Tanzania, Uruguay and Vietnam.

central america rff usa | Agriculture Forestry Policy design Producer-level Benefits of Sustainability Certification Initiatives certifying that producers of goods and services adhere to defined environmental and social-welfare production standards are increasingly popular. According to proponents, these initiatives create financial incentives for producers to improve their environmental, social, and economic performance. We reviewed the evidence on whether these initiatives have such benefits. A. Blackman and J. Rivera. In Press. "Producer-level Benefits of Sustainability Certification." Forthcoming in Conservation Biology.

tanzania | Forestry Policy design Benefit sharing is key for the success of REDD in Tanzania Press release in connection with EfD Policy Day Arusha, Tanzania, 27 October 2011

central america | Forestry Parks & Wildlife Policy design Measuring the Effectiveness of Protected Area Networks in Reducing Deforestation: A Rigorous Impact Evaluation Approach Global efforts to reduce tropical deforestation rely heavily on the establishment of protected areas. Measuring the effectiveness of these areas is difﬁcult because the amount of deforestation that would have occurred in the absence of legal protection cannot be directly observed. Conventional methods of evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas can be biased because protection is not randomly assigned and because protection can induce deforestation spillovers (displacement) to neighboring forests. We demonstrate that estimates of effectiveness can be substantially improved by controlling for biases along dimensions that are observable, measuring spatial spillovers, and testing the sensitivity of estimates to potential hidden biases. Andam, K., Ferraro, P., Pfaff, A. Sanchez, A. and Robalino, J. 2008 “Measuring the Effectiveness of Protected Area Networks in Reducing Deforestation: A Rigorous Impact Evaluation Approach” Proceedings of National Academy of Science. 105 (42) 16089-94

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Forestry

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